Opening of the Paris-Le Havre Railway

The Paris-Le Havre Railway opened on July 21, 1848, marking a significant expansion of France's early rail network under the July Monarchy. Engineered by British firm Locke & Errington with French partners, the 228 km line featured innovative viaducts and tunnels through Normandy's terrain. Key locomotives included early 2-2-2 express types from Sharp Brothers. This connection facilitated rapid transport of goods and passengers, linking Paris to Atlantic shipping routes and supporting industrial growth. It overcame engineering challenges like the Rouen tunnel and steep gradients. The line later integrated into the Chemins de Fer de l'Ouest, influencing French rail standardization and contributing to economic unification before the Franco-Prussian War.